Epigenetic‑ncRNA crosstalk in atherosclerosis: Mechanisms, disease progression and therapeutic potential (Review)

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Biology
• Molecular Medicine
• Epigenetics

Background:

• Atherosclerosis is a chronic vascular disease characterized by arterial wall thickening and restricted blood flow, increasing risks of myocardial infarction and stroke.
• Epigenetic modifications and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as key regulators in atherosclerosis pathogenesis.
• These molecular mechanisms modulate critical processes including endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism, and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore the intricate roles of epigenetic regulators and ncRNAs in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.
• To highlight the interplay between histone modifications, DNA methylation, and various ncRNA classes in vascular disease.
• To identify potential therapeutic targets within these epigenetic and ncRNA pathways for atherosclerosis management.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent scientific literature focusing on epigenetic mechanisms (histone modifications, DNA methylation) and ncRNAs (miRNAs, LncRNAs, circRNAs) in atherosclerosis.
• Analysis of how epigenetic regulators like DNMTs and HDACs influence vascular gene expression.
• Examination of ncRNA functions in modulating cellular processes such as cholesterol efflux and foam cell formation.

Main Results:

• Epigenetic modifications and ncRNAs are integral to the molecular landscape of atherosclerosis.
• Specific epigenetic regulators and ncRNAs directly impact endothelial function, lipid handling, and inflammatory responses.
• The complex interactions between these elements orchestrate disease progression.

Conclusions:

• Understanding the epigenetic and ncRNA regulatory networks provides novel therapeutic avenues for atherosclerosis.
• The reversible nature of epigenetic changes and the potential of ncRNA-based therapies offer promising future clinical applications.
• Further research is needed to address challenges in delivery and specificity for effective ncRNA-based interventions.