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Hazard Ratio

Hazard Ratio

The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

Published on: October 16, 2010

Hemochromatosis: A Risk Factor for Breast Cancer? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Megane Buttignol¹, Caroline Bouche¹, Manon Chrétien²

¹Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe (ICANS), Strasbourg, France.

European Journal of Breast Health

|September 5, 2025

Summary

Hereditary hemochromatosis gene variants may slightly increase breast cancer risk. Further research is needed to determine if C282Y homozygotes require tailored breast cancer screening for early detection.

Keywords:

Breast cancer genetic predisposition hemochromatosis iron overload meta-analysis

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Last Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Changes in Mammary Gland Morphology and Breast Cancer Risk in Rats

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Published on: February 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Genetics and Oncology
Public Health
Medical Research

Background:

Hereditary hemochromatosis and breast cancer are significant health concerns.
HFE gene variants (C282Y, H63D) may influence cancer risk through iron overload and oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

Evaluate the association between HFE gene variants and breast cancer risk.
Propose personalized breast cancer surveillance strategies for carriers.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control and cohort studies.
Included 8 studies with 73,981 participants (2000-2025).
Pooled data using random-effects model; conducted subgroup analyses.

Main Results:

A trend toward increased breast cancer risk in HFE variant carriers, especially C282Y homozygotes (OR=1.36).
One study linked C282Y allele to higher lymph node involvement.
Substantial heterogeneity observed; no covariates explained variation.

Conclusions:

Current findings do not warrant clinical practice changes.
Support prospective studies for tailored breast cancer surveillance in HFE variant carriers.
Consider enhanced screening for C282Y homozygotes to improve early detection.