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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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There are hollow fluid-filled cavities known as ventricles deep inside the human brain. There are two lateral ventricles, one in each cerebral hemisphere, and each has three different projections — the anterior, inferior, and posterior horns visible from the lateral side. A thin membrane called the septum pellucidum separates the two lateral ventricles. The slender third ventricle in the diencephalon is connected to each lateral ventricle via a channel called the interventricular foramen.
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The cranial and spinal meninges are complex protective structures surrounding the central nervous system (CNS), consisting of the brain and spinal cord. These meninges consist of the dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater. They protect the CNS, provide structural support, and aid in circulating cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Sphenoid Sinus Size and Shape in Chiari Malformation Type 2.

Mehmet Zeki Erdem1, Abdulaziz Yalinkiliç1, Burhan Beger2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Patients with Chiari malformation type 2 (CMT2) have smaller sphenoid sinuses compared to controls. This study highlights significant differences in sphenoid sinus morphology in CMT2 patients.

Keywords:
Chiari malformation type 1chiari malformation type 2pneumatizationsphenoid bonesphenoid sinus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroanatomy
  • Medical Imaging
  • Pediatric Neurosurgery

Background:

  • Chiari malformation type 2 (CMT2) is a complex congenital condition affecting brainstem and cerebellum.
  • Sphenoid sinus anatomy may be altered in neurological disorders.
  • Understanding craniofacial development in CMT2 is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare sphenoid sinus morphologic features in pediatric patients with CMT2 versus healthy controls.
  • To quantify differences in sphenoid sinus volume, surface area, and dimensions.
  • To investigate potential correlations between CMT2 and sphenoid sinus shape.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of CT scans from 42 CMT2 patients and 45 controls.
  • Measurement of sphenoid sinus volume, surface area, width, thickness, and height.
  • Categorization of sphenoid sinus shape (postsellar, sellar, presellar, conchal).

Main Results:

  • CMT2 patients exhibited significantly smaller sphenoid sinus volume, surface area, width, thickness, and height compared to controls.
  • No significant correlation was found between CMT2 and the shape of the sphenoid sinus.
  • Specific shape distributions were noted in both groups, with notable differences in conchal type prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • Chiari malformation type 2 is associated with reduced sphenoid sinus size.
  • These findings contribute to understanding the anatomical variations in the sphenoid bone in CMT2.
  • Further research may elucidate the clinical implications of these morphologic differences.