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Stochastic Interface Formation in Nanoscale Heterostructures Visualized by Atomic-Resolution Microscopy.

Miyuki Hanazawa1, Masaya Sakakibara1, Ryo Ishikawa2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.

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|September 5, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heterostructure formation from immiscible salts is reversible, not unidirectional. In situ electron microscopy reveals dynamic, stochastic processes govern self-assembly and heteroepitaxy at ambient conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Surface Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Heterostructures display unique properties, driving technological innovation.
  • Heterointerface formation is typically viewed as a unidirectional, irreversible process.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and understand the dynamic mechanisms of heterostructure formation from immiscible salts at the nanoscale.
  • To investigate the reversibility and stochastic nature of heterointerface formation.

Main Methods:

  • In situ electron microscopy at 298 K.
  • Observation of nanoscale mixtures of sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium iodide (NaI) at ambient conditions.

Main Results:

  • Both self-assembly and heteroepitaxy were observed to be reversible, governed by stochastic equilibria.
  • Self-assembly involved fluctuations between ordered and semiordered states, driven by ion interactions.
  • Epitaxial growth showed repeated cycles of layer growth and exfoliation with low energy barriers.

Conclusions:

  • Heterointerface formation is a dynamic and stochastic process, not strictly unidirectional or irreversible.
  • Findings provide a framework for understanding interface initiation in high interfacial energy systems.
  • Reversibility offers new possibilities for designing and controlling heterostructure properties.