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Direct Force Measurements of Subcellular Mechanics in Confinement using Optical Tweezers

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Cell-cell separation device: A new approach to measuring intercellular detachment forces.

Julia Eckert¹, Volha Matylitskaya², Stephan Kasemann²

¹Leiden Institute of Physics, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|September 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new Cell-Cell Separation Device (CC-SD) measures intercellular forces in adherent cells. This innovation quantifies cell-cell adhesion strength and cellular responses to mechanical strain, advancing tissue development research.

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Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Biophysics
Biomaterials Science

Background:

Cell-cell adhesion is crucial for organism integrity, adapting to mechanical cues.
Existing methods like AFM and dual-pipette aspiration primarily study cells in suspension.
Understanding adhesion forces in adherent, environment-adapted cells remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel device for measuring intercellular forces in adherent cells.
To quantify cell-cell adhesion detachment forces under controlled mechanical strain.
To investigate cellular responses to applied intercellular stress.

Main Methods:

Design and fabrication of a Cell-Cell Separation Device (CC-SD) using PDMS micropillar-blocks.
Utilizing micropillar arrays for simultaneous measurement of intercellular forces and substrate stresses.
Applying controlled substrate stretching to induce cell-cell adhesion detachment.

Main Results:

The CC-SD successfully measured intercellular forces and substrate stresses in adherent cells.
The device allowed for controlled stretching, increasing the gap between cell-adhering blocks up to 2.4-fold.
Pillar deflections quantified detachment forces and enabled analysis of cellular responses to strain.

Conclusions:

The CC-SD is a novel tool for analyzing intercellular detachment forces in substrate-attached cells.
This device provides insights into the robustness of cell-cell adhesion against rupture during dynamic processes.
The CC-SD facilitates a deeper understanding of cell-cell adhesion mechanics in tissue development.