Epigenetic horizons in aquaculture: unlocking sustainable fish production

Epigenetics has a profound impact on fish nutrition and aquaculture by regulating gene expression, physiological traits, and growth without altering the underlying DNA sequence. The changes, particularly DNA methylation, can be passed down through generations, enhancing productivity and disease resistance. External factors like temperature, stress, nutrition and illness exposure can also influence epigenetic changes, affecting protein, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics. DNA methylation and dietary factors also enhance resilience, promoting fish health and reducing antibiotic reliance. Unlocking innovative tactics that promote ecological sustainability, economic viability, and food security requires a deeper comprehension of the epigenetic landscape in aquatic species. Epigenetic insights represent a frontier for advancing precision aquaculture and ensuring the long-term resilience of fish production systems. Combining epigenetic knowledge with conventional breeding methods can lead to faster development of fish lines with improved growth rates, disease resistance, and optimal feed conversion. Understanding the epigenetic processes underlying fish nutrition can lead to sustainable aquaculture methods, increased productivity, and improved overall fish health. Dynamically shaped by environmental and nutritional factors, DNA methylation and histone modification improve performance and adaptability. Understanding and applying histone modifications can greatly enhance the resilience and sustainability of aquaculture practices.