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Food Insecurity and Rural Child and Family Functioning.

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Food insecurity in households is linked to increased child mental health issues, particularly internalizing problems. Parenting stress and daily household instability are key factors mediating this relationship.

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Food insecurity in US children can lead to adverse psychological outcomes, even with support programs.
  • Parenting stress is a potential mechanism linking food insecurity to child mental health problems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between household food insecurity and child mental health.
  • To examine the role of parenting stress and family functioning in this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, daily-diary study design was employed remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Caregivers of children aged 6-12 years in rural Northeastern US completed 30 days of mobile surveys.
  • Child mental health was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), and daily fluctuations in food insecurity and parenting were measured.

Main Results:

  • Greater day-to-day fluctuations in household and child food insecurity correlated with more severe child internalizing and total mental health problems.
  • The association between food insecurity and parent-child conflict was mediated by caregiver hunger, negative affect, and attention/impulse control issues.
  • These pathways explained 17% of the variability in daily parent-child conflict.

Conclusions:

  • Caregiver stress and household instability are significant mechanisms through which food insecurity negatively impacts child mental health.
  • Interventions addressing food insecurity should consider the mediating roles of parenting stress and family functioning.
  • Findings highlight the need for comprehensive support systems for food-insecure families to mitigate adverse psychological outcomes in children.