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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

Published on: February 15, 2014

Brain stimulation preferentially influences long-range projections.

Pedro G Vieira¹, Matthew R Krause¹, Pooya Laamerad¹

¹Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Science Advances

|September 5, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Brain stimulation, particularly transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), appears to preferentially affect long-range neural projections. This finding suggests that neurostimulation may target network connections, necessitating a reevaluation of current strategies.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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Published on: February 15, 2014

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In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices

In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices

Published on: September 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Neurostimulation

Background:

Advances in brain stimulation allow for increasingly focal electromagnetic stimulation targeting specific neural regions.
The brain's extensive interconnectivity raises questions about whether neural projections are uniquely susceptible to stimulation.
Understanding stimulation effects on neural networks is crucial for developing effective therapeutic interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether long-range neural projections are more susceptible to transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) than other neurons.
To determine if stimulation preferentially affects network connections (edges) versus individual neurons (nodes).

Main Methods:

Utilized single-unit recordings in nonhuman primates undergoing tACS.
Identified putative long-range projecting neurons based on electrophysiological properties.
Analyzed neural entrainment patterns in response to tACS.

Main Results:

Putative long-range projections exhibited significantly stronger entrainment to tACS compared to other recorded cells.
These projections were responsible for instances of extremely strong neural entrainment.
Evidence suggests tACS impacts neural network edges more than nodes.

Conclusions:

Neurostimulation, specifically tACS, may preferentially target the connections between neurons rather than the neurons themselves.
Current neurostimulation strategies may need to be redesigned to account for effects on neural network topology.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of stimulation on neural network dynamics.