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Multifunctional Dual Carbon Framework for Self-Healing Silicon Anodes.

Nawraj Sapkota1,2, Morteza Sabet2,3, Nancy Chen3

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

We developed a novel silicon-graphene composite anode (Si@C-rGO) for batteries. This material offers improved conductivity, structural integrity, and reveals self-healing properties, enhancing battery performance and longevity.

Keywords:
dual carbon frameworknitrogen dopingoscillations in long cycling datareduced graphene oxideself-healing behaviorsiliconstructural integrity

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Developing high-capacity silicon anodes for next-generation batteries is crucial.
  • Challenges include poor electrical conductivity, structural instability, and high synthesis costs of Si-carbon composites.
  • Existing methods struggle to balance electrical, mechanical, and economic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a low-cost, high-performance silicon-carbon anode material.
  • To improve electrical conduction and structural integrity of silicon nanoparticles.
  • To investigate self-healing mechanisms in silicon-based battery electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Facile solution mixing and annealing of commercial silicon nanoparticles with dopamine hydrochloride and graphene oxide.
  • Formation of Si@C-rGO composite with nitrogen-doped carbon coating and reduced graphene oxide anchoring.
  • Electrochemical testing of Si@C-rGO electrodes and pouch cells.
  • Analysis of cycling data oscillations to identify self-healing behavior.

Main Results:

  • Si@C-rGO electrodes (>60 wt % Si) showed reduced charge-transfer resistance and enhanced rate performance.
  • Oscillation analysis in cycling data revealed signatures of self-healing behavior.
  • Microstructural studies confirmed crack bridging by reduced graphene oxide, ensuring structural integrity.
  • A pouch cell achieved 141.5 mAh g⁻¹ capacity with ~62.2% retention over 75 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The Si@C-rGO composite offers a promising low-cost, high-performance anode material for advanced batteries.
  • The dual carbon framework provides nitrogen doping for conductivity and reduced graphene oxide for mechanical resilience and self-healing.
  • Understanding oscillation patterns in cycling data can reveal electrode self-healing mechanisms.