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Updated: Sep 8, 2025
Author Spotlight: Eco-Friendly Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Using Polyol-Based Microwave-Assisted Techniques
Published on: August 23, 2024
NADES-based microwave-assisted single-step extraction process for extracting bioactive compounds from Amomum
Ann Raeboline Lincy Eliazer Nelson1, Sivakumar Venkatachalam2
1Food Process Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Guindy, Chennai 600 025, India.
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A sustainable and energy-efficient method was developed to extract bioactive compounds from black cardamom (Amomum subulatum) using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) with Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES). Six NADES composed of choline chloride, lactic acid, citric acid, glucose, and sucrose were prepared by heating and stirring. Lact:Suc and Lact:Gluc, showed the highest extraction efficiencies. Lact:Suc yielded a total phenolic content (TPC) of 48.99 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid content (TFC) of 56.54 ± 1.98 mg QE/g, antioxidant activity of 98.39 ± 0.44%, and antioxidant capacity of 4588.92 ± 37.25 μmol AAE/g. Lact:Gluc achieved a TPC of 46.88 ± 0.31 mg GAE/g, TFC of 67.02 ± 0.88 mg QE/g, antioxidant activity of 96.64 ± 0.36%, and capacity of 4439.96 ± 30.42 μmol AAE/g. LC-ESI-MS profiling revealed solvent-specific selectivity: Lact:Suc favoured flavonoid glycosides, phenolic acids, and lignans, whereas Lact:Gluc was more effective for tyrosols and flavonoid aglycones. All NADES achieved a better extraction yield and compound specificity than ethanol. Greenness assessments (AGREEprep: 0.87; AGREE: 0.81) confirmed a strong alignment with green chemistry principles.
