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Related Concept Videos

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

51
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

53
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
53

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Right Ventricle Function in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
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Quantitative Doppler Shape Analysis in Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation.

Arthur Iturriagagoitia1, Simon Calle1, Thomas Van Overmeiren1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : Official Publication of the American Society of Echocardiography
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The Vmax/Vmean ratio in functional tricuspid regurgitation (fTR) Doppler shapes predicts adverse outcomes. This simple metric aids in risk stratification for patients with fTR.

Keywords:
Continuous-wave DopplerDoppler echocardiographyFunctional tricuspid regurgitation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Echocardiography
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Functional tricuspid regurgitation (fTR) involves complex flow dynamics.
  • The continuous wave Doppler (CWD) envelope shape in fTR is not fully understood across severity spectrums.
  • The v-wave cut-off is a known marker for severe fTR, but other shapes require exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the spectrum of CWD envelope shapes in fTR.
  • To investigate the association of CWD shapes with fTR severity.
  • To evaluate the prognostic value of CWD shape parameters in fTR patients.

Main Methods:

  • 245 fTR patients underwent echocardiography.
  • TR severity was graded using corrected proximal isovelocity surface area.
  • CWD shapes were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively using Vmax/Vmean and TTP/TRD.

Main Results:

  • Vmax/Vmean ratio increased with fTR severity, from parabolic to triangular to v-wave cut-off shapes.
  • Vmax/Vmean and TTP/TRD correlated with Vmax, EROA, and RV function.
  • Higher Vmax/Vmean tertiles were independently associated with adverse outcomes (death/HF hospitalization).

Conclusions:

  • Vmax/Vmean ratio effectively reflects the hydraulic severity of fTR.
  • This parameter offers a simple, independent predictor of adverse clinical outcomes in fTR.
  • Vmax/Vmean can enhance risk stratification for patients with fTR.