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Aspergillus and host-pathogen interaction: focus on treatment-relevant aspects.

Romain Manchon1, Simon Feys2, Martin Hoenigl3

  • 1Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Immunology of Fungal Infections, Paris, France; Infectious Diseases Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Université Paris Cité, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
|September 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Understanding host immunity in invasive aspergillosis (IA) is key to developing new treatments. Personalized immune therapies offer hope for improving outcomes in immunocompromised patients facing this serious fungal infection.

Keywords:
Fungal immunologyFungal infectionsHost-pathogen interactionsImmunocompromised hostImmunotherapyInvasive aspergillosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacotherapy

Background:

  • Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a significant cause of mortality in immunocompromised individuals, especially in intensive care.
  • Suboptimal outcomes and antifungal resistance necessitate novel adjunctive therapies targeting host immune mechanisms.
  • IA pathogenesis involves complex, heterogeneous immune responses to Aspergillus species, primarily Aspergillus fumigatus.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the roles of immune components in host-Aspergillus interactions.
  • To explore emerging immune-targeted therapies for IA.
  • To highlight the potential of personalized immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature analysis of recent preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of IA immunopathogenesis.
  • Evaluation of immune-based therapies as adjuncts to antifungal treatment.

Main Results:

  • Host immune responses are intricate and heterogeneous, complicating uniform treatment.
  • Immune-based therapies show promise as adjuncts to conventional antifungal drugs.
  • Personalized approaches tailored to immune profiles are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding host immunity in IA is crucial for developing precise and personalized therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeted immunotherapy represents a promising frontier in managing IA and other opportunistic infections.
  • Further research is needed to translate these insights into clinical applications.