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Exercise with overdressing for heat acclimation: a multilayered approach using biophysical modeling and two

Andrew M Greenfield1, Shaun C Brazelton1,2, Billie K Alba1

  • 1Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States.

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|September 5, 2025
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Summary

Heat acclimation is possible without hot weather using a practical exercise with overdressing protocol. This method effectively improves heat tolerance in individuals like military personnel and athletes.

Keywords:
heat acclimationheat acclimatizationheat stressoverdressing

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Physiology
  • Exercise Science
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • Rapid climate transitions pose heat stress challenges for military and athletes.
  • Effective heat acclimation strategies are needed for those without access to hot environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a practical exercise protocol using overdressing for heat acclimation.
  • To assess the efficacy of this protocol in inducing physiological adaptations to heat.

Main Methods:

  • Biophysical modeling identified optimal exercise (treadmill) and overdressing parameters.
  • Two randomized crossover trials in fit males and females compared the novel protocol to control exercise.
  • Heat stress tests were conducted before and after a 5-day intervention period.

Main Results:

  • A single session of exercise with overdressing significantly increased core and skin temperature and heart rate.
  • Five days of the protocol significantly reduced resting and peak core temperature, skin temperature, and heart rate during heat stress.
  • Adaptations induced by exercise with overdressing were superior to control exercise.

Conclusions:

  • A practical exercise with overdressing protocol effectively induces heat acclimation in a temperate environment.
  • This approach offers a viable solution for individuals needing heat acclimatization without hot weather exposure.
  • The findings have implications for preparing military personnel and athletes for hot conditions.