Temporal Trend and Projection of Diabetes and Health Risk and Protective Factors Among Adults With Diabetes in Brazil...

PurposeTo analyze temporal trends (2006-2023) and projections (2030) of the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and health risk and protective factors among adults with DM in Brazil.DesignTime-series study.SettingData from the Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey.SubjectsPopulation-based sample of 806 169 adults, including 74 381 adults with DM.MeasuresPrevalence of DM, health risk factors (eg, prolonged screen time on TV, sweetened beverage consumption, heavy episodic drinking, hypertension) and protective factors (eg, commuting physical activity, self-rated health).AnalysisTemporal trends (2006-2023) and projections (up to 2030) were analyzed using Prais-Winsten regression models. Results were expressed as average annual percentage point changes (pp/y).ResultsThe prevalence of DM increased from 5.5% to 10.2% between 2006 and 2023 (0.22 pp/y), with a higher increment in the recent period (2018-2023: 0.56 pp/y). By 2030, the prevalence is projected to reach 10.8%. Among adults with DM, recent trends revealed increases in prolonged screen time on TV (0.96 pp/y), sweetened beverage consumption (1.62 pp/y), and heavy episodic drinking (1.51 pp/y), alongside decreases in hypertension (-0.98 pp/y), poor self-rated health (-0.53 pp/y), and commuting physical activity (-0.97 pp/y).ConclusionThe prevalence of DM has risen significantly in Brazil and is projected to continue growing. Simultaneously, worsening trends in health risk and protective factors among adults with DM highlight the urgent need for reformulated public health policies focused on DM prevention and management.