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Related Concept Videos

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

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The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 8, 2025

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
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Bifunctionally Driven Organic Photonic Conversion Devices Facilitated by Minimalistic Synthesis-Based Interfacial

Seunghyun Oh1, Hee Chun Kim1, Ji Hyeon Lee2

  • 1School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A new benzene-phosphonic acid (BPA) hole transport layer enables efficient indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and photodetectors (OPDs). This cost-effective material overcomes previous limitations, paving the way for self-powered electronics.

Keywords:
bifunctional organic photonic conversion devicesinterfacial energetic alignmentminimalist synthesisself‐assembled monolayer

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Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Integrating indoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and photodetectors (OPDs) is challenging due to conflicting requirements for charge extraction and noise suppression.
  • Conventional hole transport layers (HTLs) struggle to meet these demands while ensuring commercial viability, including large-area uniformity, photostability, and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel hole transport layer (HTL) that addresses the limitations of existing materials for bifunctional OPV/OPD integration.
  • To introduce benzene-phosphonic acid (BPA) as a minimalist self-assembled monolayer (SAM) based HTL for enhanced performance and commercial practicality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized benzene-phosphonic acid (BPA) as a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) for the hole transport layer.
  • Investigated BPA's interfacial properties, including energy alignment, monolayer uniformity, and stability on ITO substrates.
  • Evaluated the performance of the integrated devices in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE) for OPVs and key metrics for OPDs, such as noise equivalent power and 3 dB frequency.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 28.6% for indoor OPVs under 1000 lx LED light.
  • Demonstrated excellent scalability with 93% PCE retention over a ≈220× area increase.
  • Obtained competitive self-powered photodetector performance with a noise equivalent power of 584 fW and a 3 dB frequency of 103 kHz.
  • Reduced production costs by 720% compared to counterpart SAMs, achieving a 9× higher power-per-cost ratio.

Conclusions:

  • The minimalist BPA-based HTL effectively resolves the thermodynamic and practical challenges in bifunctional OPV/OPD integration.
  • BPA offers a cost-effective, stable, and scalable solution for high-performance indoor optoelectronics.
  • This advancement positions BPA-HTL as a key enabler for self-powered Internet of Things (IoT) devices and wearable optoelectronics.