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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...

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A sensitive smartphone-based method for measuring phosphate in biological samples and ATPase activities.

Alvaro A Recoulat Angelini1, Gabriela E Gómez2, José M Delfino2

  • 1Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Departamento de Química Biológica, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Laboratorio de Biofísica Molecular, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas, UBA - CONICET, Junín 956, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Talanta
|September 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel, accessible method for quantifying orthophosphate using smartphone imaging and open-source software. This technique offers a reliable and sensitive alternative for various environmental and biological analyses.

Keywords:
Digital image colorimetric detectionImage-based analytical colorimetryInorganic orthophosphateSmartphone photometry

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Orthophosphate quantification is crucial for water quality, soil health, and metabolic studies.
  • Traditional spectrophotometric methods rely on the formation and detection of the 12-molybdophosphoric-acid-malachite green complex.
  • Existing methods can be complex and require specialized equipment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a straightforward, precise, and reproducible method for orthophosphate quantification.
  • To offer an accessible alternative to conventional spectrophotometry.
  • To validate the method across diverse sample types.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing smartphone digital imaging of a 96-well plate.
  • Analyzing color intensity of the 12-molybdophosphoric-acid-malachite green complex.
  • Employing open-source image processing software for quantification.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a reliable and reproducible quantification of orthophosphate.
  • Achieved a broad dynamic range with high sensitivity and accuracy.
  • Successfully validated the method in river water, soil, human serum, and enzyme activity assays.

Conclusions:

  • The smartphone-based imaging technique provides a versatile and accurate alternative for orthophosphate analysis.
  • This method lowers the barrier to entry for phosphate quantification in various settings.
  • It offers a cost-effective and accessible solution for essential chemical analysis.