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Chronic kidney disease and incident cancer risk: an individual participant data meta-analysis
Yejin Mok1, Aditya Surapaneni2, Yingying Sang3
1Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiologyand Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background:
Studies examining the association of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with cancer risk have demonstrated conflicting results.
Methods:
This was an individual participant data meta-analysis including 54 international cohorts contributing to the CKD Prognosis Consortium. Included cohorts had data on albuminuria [urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR)], estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), overall and site-specific cancer incidence, and established risk factors for cancer. Included participants were aged 18 years or older, without previous cancer or kidney failure.
Results:
Among 1,319,308 individuals, the incidence rate of overall cancer was 17.3 per 1000 person-years. Higher ACR was positively associated with cancer risk [adjusted hazard ratio 1.08 (95% CI 1.06-1.10) per 8-fold increase in ACR]. No association of eGFR with overall cancer risk was seen. For site-specific cancers, lower eGFR was associated with urological cancer and multiple myeloma, whereas higher ACR was associated with many cancer types (kidney, head/neck, colorectal, liver, pancreas, bile duct, stomach, larynx, lung, hemolymphatic, leukaemia, and multiple myeloma). Results were similar in a 1-year landmark analysis.
Discussion:
Albuminuria, but not necessarily eGFR, was independently associated with the subsequent risk of cancer. Our results warrant an investigation into mechanisms that explain the link between albuminuria and cancer.
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