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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 28, 2025

Author Spotlight: Innovative Approaches to Understanding Plant Structure-Function Relationships for Climate-Resilient Crops

Author Spotlight: Innovative Approaches to Understanding Plant Structure-Function Relationships for Climate-Resilient Crops

Published on: July 12, 2024

Fine-tuning wheat development for the winter to spring transition.

Adam Gauley¹, India Lacey², Pablo González-Suárez³

¹School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; AFBI, 50 Houston Road, Castlereagh, Belfast BT6 9SH, UK.

Plant Communications

|September 7, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Flowering Locus T 3 (FT3) in wheat is a key florigen, regulated by temperature and photoperiod. Selection of FT3 alleles is crucial for developing climate-resilient wheat cultivars.

Keywords:

FT3 bread wheat floral development photoperiod temperature

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Agricultural Science
Genetics

Background:

Floral development timing is crucial for crop yield and reproductive success.
Environmental factors like temperature and photoperiod influence plant development.
Understanding flowering gene regulation is key to developing climate-resilient crops.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the role of FLOWERING LOCUS T 3 (FT3) in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) floral development.
To investigate the genetic diversity and selection of FT3 alleles in wheat varieties.
To elucidate the environmental regulation of FT3 expression and its impact on flowering time.

Main Methods:

Assaying genetic diversity of FT3 alleles in landrace and modern wheat varieties.
Generating transgenic overexpression lines to assess FT3's florigenic activity.
Measuring FT3 gene expression under variable temperature and photoperiod conditions.
Analyzing gene expression pathways involving TCP transcription factors and temperature-responsive miRNAs.

Main Results:

FT3 was identified as a potent florigen in wheat, comparable to FT1.
Significant selection of FT3 alleles was observed in modern wheat varieties.
FT3 expression is regulated by temperature and photoperiod.
A temperature-sensitive pathway involving TCP transcription factors and miRNAs controls FT3 transcription, particularly under short-day and low-temperature conditions.

Conclusions:

FT3 plays a critical role in regulating the timing of floral development in wheat.
Environmental cues, specifically temperature and photoperiod, tightly regulate FT3.
Understanding FT3 regulation provides a basis for developing climate-change-adapted wheat cultivars through targeted allele selection.