Iron nanoparticle synthesis using waste banana peels and Maxilon Blue 5G sono-degradation

The green synthesis method is a significant approach that offers several advantages, including simplicity, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness in the synthesis of nanoparticles. Iron nanoparticles were synthesized in this work using waste banana peel extract as a capping and reducing agent. The produced nanoparticles were then subjected to a number of characterization procedures, such as Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), zeta potential analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectroscopy, field scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of the nanoparticles on dye elimination was next investigated separately and with the aid of ultrasound irridation. To ascertain the efficacy of the nanoparticles, their performance was compared with that of the classical Fenton process. The results showed that 99.7% of the dye was removed within 60 min with a 10 mg/L iron concentration, 10 mg/L hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentration, and 53 kHz ultrasound radiation. In FeNPs reuse, 91% efficiency was achieved in the 2nd cycle, 56% in the 3rd cycle and 51.37% in the 4th cycle.