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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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Genital microbiota in infertile couples.

David Baud1, Adriana Peric2, Angela Vidal3

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Female genital microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus, while male genital tracts show higher diversity. Limited partner transmission suggests distinct microbial communities, impacting reproductive health.

Keywords:
BacteriaColonizationLactobacillusMicrobiotaSemenVagina

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Microbiome research
  • Genitourinary medicine

Background:

  • Idiopathic infertility remains a challenge in reproductive medicine.
  • The role of the genital microbiota in reproductive success is increasingly recognized.
  • Understanding the composition and interaction of male and female genital microbiomes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the composition of bacterial communities across various genital sites in both male and female partners.
  • To explore potential interactions and transmission of microbiota between sexual partners.
  • To assess the influence of genital microbiota on reproductive health outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study utilizing metagenomic analysis.
  • Samples collected from vaginal, penile, follicular fluid, and semen sites from couples undergoing fertility treatment.
  • Next-generation sequencing employed for bacterial community profiling.

Main Results:

  • Distinct, niche-specific bacterial community compositions were observed in different genital tract sites.
  • Female samples were predominantly characterized by Lactobacillus species.
  • Male samples exhibited greater microbial diversity, including genital-specific and skin-associated taxa, with limited evidence of inter-partner transmission.

Conclusions:

  • Genital microbiota composition differs significantly between female and male reproductive tracts.
  • While female microbiota is largely Lactobacillus-dominant, male microbiota is more diverse.
  • Further longitudinal studies are needed to elucidate the impact of sexual activity on microbial dynamics and reproductive success.