Innovative engineering approaches to model host-microbiome interactions in vitro

Area of Science:

• Microbiome research
• Bioengineering
• Translational medicine

Background:

• The human microbiome is crucial for health and disease, with disruptions linked to various pathologies.
• Targeted microbiome interventions require advanced experimental models to study host-microbe interactions.
• Existing models have limitations in replicating the complexity of host-microbiome dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review emerging engineering approaches for in vitro platforms modeling host-microbiome interactions.
• To identify challenges and innovative solutions in developing these advanced models.
• To highlight the potential of these models for microbiome research and therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

• Scoping review of engineering approaches for in vitro host-microbiome models.
• Focus on microfluidics, biomaterials, and organoid technologies.
• Analysis of systems integrating host and microbial components.

Main Results:

• Advanced microphysiological systems offer improved experimental control, human-specific biology, and reduced costs/ethical concerns.
• Developed co-culture systems replicate key host-microbiome interface features (e.g., mucosal barriers, gradients).
• These models provide new insights into epithelial-microbiota crosstalk, immune modulation, and systemic effects.

Conclusions:

• Engineered in vitro models are crucial for understanding complex host-microbiome interactions.
• These platforms accelerate the translation of microbiome science into clinical practice.
• Future opportunities lie in scaling and increasing the complexity and clinical relevance of these models.