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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Author Spotlight: Extraction of Guinea Pig Round Window Membrane to Facilitate Inner Ear Drug Delivery Research
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Comparing round window membrane permeability enhancers: An animal study.

Jae Sang Han1, Ye Lin Kim2, Kyusun Park2

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences
|September 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Histamine, hypertonic saline, and sodium caprate enhance intratympanic dexamethasone delivery for inner ear disorders. 3% hypertonic saline showed the best results, improving drug levels and receptor expression without permanent damage.

Keywords:
DexamethasoneDrug deliveryInner earIntratympanic injection

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Area of Science:

  • Otic drug delivery
  • Inner ear pharmacology
  • Membrane permeability

Background:

  • Intratympanic (IT) dexamethasone (DEX) is crucial for inner ear disorders.
  • Therapeutic success is hindered by the round window membrane's (RWM) poor permeability.
  • Novel strategies are needed to enhance RWM permeability for effective IT drug delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of histamine (HIS), 3% hypertonic saline (3% HS), and sodium caprate (SC) as adjuvants for IT-DEX delivery.
  • To evaluate their impact on RWM permeability and inner ear drug concentrations in a murine model.
  • To assess the effects on DEX receptor expression, RWM structure, and auditory function.

Main Methods:

  • IT administration of enhancers followed by DEX in mice.
  • Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography for perilymph DEX quantification.
  • Immunofluorescence for DEX receptor expression in the organ of Corti.
  • Transmission electron microscopy for RWM structural analysis.
  • Auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing for functional assessment.

Main Results:

  • All tested agents significantly increased perilymph DEX concentrations compared to controls.
  • 3% HS yielded the highest DEX levels and greatest DEX receptor expression.
  • 3% HS caused only transient RWM structural changes, with no permanent damage observed.
  • No significant differences in ABR threshold recovery were found across treatment groups despite enhanced drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • 3% hypertonic saline is the most effective adjuvant for enhancing IT drug delivery among the agents tested.
  • Enhanced inner ear drug penetration does not automatically correlate with improved functional recovery in this model.
  • Further research is needed to optimize adjuvants for improved therapeutic outcomes in inner ear disorders.