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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

CRISPR Epigenome Editing in Human Cells using Plasmid DNA Transfection and mRNA Nucleofection Delivery
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Precision plant epigenome editing: what, how, and why.

Dale Leech1, Dominic A Previtera1, Yan Zhang1

  • 1School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia, 4072.

Trends in Plant Science
|September 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Targeted epigenome engineering uses engineered epialleles for heritable trait changes in crops. Further development of tools for selecting target loci is crucial for unlocking the full potential of this technology.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepialleleepigeneticsepigenome editinghistone modification

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Genome engineering enables targeted epigenome editing, revealing insights into epigenetic modifications' role in trait inheritance.
  • Engineered epialleles have demonstrated the capacity for stable, heritable alterations in agronomic traits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress and potential of targeted epigenome engineering.
  • To identify factors limiting the field's advancement and explore future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of current epigenome editing techniques.
  • Analysis of key research goals and translational applications.
  • Identification of challenges in selecting target loci.

Main Results:

  • Epigenome engineering has shown promise for stable, heritable changes in agronomic traits.
  • Progress is hindered by unexplored research avenues and challenges in target locus selection.

Conclusions:

  • Improved tools for target locus selection, especially in complex genomes, are essential to advance epigenome engineering.
  • The field has significant potential for agricultural applications if technical challenges are addressed.