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Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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An element composed of atoms that readily lose electrons (a metal) can react with an element composed of atoms that readily gain electrons (a nonmetal) to produce ions through complete electron transfer. The compound formed by this transfer is stabilized by the electrostatic attractions (ionic bonds) between the oppositely charged ions.
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Isomerism in Complexes
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Structurally Compatible Anion Substitution for the Enhanced NASICON-Na4Mn1.5Fe1.5(PO4)2P2O7 Cathode.

Jingyao Zeng1, Lei Sun1, Jinqiang Gao2,3

  • 1College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.

ACS Nano
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Anion substitution in sodium-ion battery cathodes improves performance. Replacing phosphate with silicate in Na4Mn1.5Fe1.5(PO4)2P2O7 enhances sodium-ion mobility and structural stability for better energy storage.

Keywords:
Na4Mn1.5Fe1.5(PO4)2P2O7heteroanionic substitutionpolyanionic framework engineeringsodium-ion batteriesstructural and electronic modulation

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
  • Polyanionic frameworks like Na4Mn1.5Fe1.5(PO4)2P2O7 (NMFPP) offer high energy density but suffer from poor Na+ mobility and structural stability.
  • Manganese (Mn) integration in NMFPP enhances energy density but exacerbates Na+ diffusion issues and Jahn-Teller effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the sodium-ion (Na+) mobility and structural stability of NMFPP cathodes.
  • To investigate the effect of anionic substitution on the electrochemical performance of NMFPP.
  • To develop a high-performance cathode material for SIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Anionic substitution strategy: partial replacement of PO4(3-) with SiO4(4-) groups.
  • Synthesis of Na4Mn1.5Fe1.5(PO4)1.95(SiO4)0.05P2O7.
  • Electrochemical characterization including galvanostatic intermittent titration (GITT) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) via DRT analysis.
  • Structural analysis using *in situ* X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Main Results:

  • The incorporation of SiO4(4-) led to lattice expansion, facilitating Na+ diffusion and reducing charge-discharge impedance.
  • Improved cycling stability was observed due to the lower electronegativity of silicon, allowing better charge redistribution and reduced lattice volume fluctuations.
  • The modified cathode achieved 85.42% capacity retention over 500 cycles at 1 C and 80.54% over 1500 cycles at 5 C.

Conclusions:

  • Anion substitution is an effective strategy for optimizing polyanionic frameworks in SIB cathodes.
  • The Na4Mn1.5Fe1.5(PO4)1.95(SiO4)0.05P2O7 cathode demonstrates enhanced rate capability and long-term cycling stability.
  • This approach holds significant potential for developing advanced sodium-ion battery materials.