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Muscles that Move the Arm

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...

Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Arthroscopic Management of Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: Whole Rotator Cable Reconstruction Using Proximal Biceps Tendon Autograft

Published on: June 6, 2025

[Rotator cuff tear].

Adam Witten^1,2, Klaus Bak³, Jens Gramkow⁴

¹Sports Orthopedic Research Center - Copenhagen (SORC-C).

Ugeskrift for Laeger

|September 8, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Rotator cuff ruptures present diversely, from asymptomatic cases to severe impairment. Clinical tests aid screening, but individualized, multimodal treatment is key for optimal outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Orthopedics
Sports Medicine
Musculoskeletal Research

Background:

Rotator cuff ruptures exhibit a wide clinical spectrum, impacting shoulder function variably.
Early specialist assessment and radiological imaging are often indicated but may not exclude smaller tears.
Non-surgical management is suitable for small ruptures, whereas large traumatic tears may require prompt surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical presentation and management strategies for rotator cuff ruptures.
To emphasize the importance of thorough clinical evaluation and individualized treatment planning.

Main Methods:

This review synthesizes current literature on rotator cuff rupture diagnosis and treatment.
It discusses the utility of clinical shoulder tests in patient screening.
It highlights the principles of multimodal and individualized patient care.

Main Results:

Clinical shoulder tests are valuable for identifying patients needing further evaluation but cannot definitively rule out all ruptures.
Treatment decisions for rotator cuff ruptures depend on rupture size, patient factors, and clinical presentation.
A multimodal approach, including shared decision-making, is essential for effective management.

Conclusions:

Rotator cuff rupture management requires a comprehensive clinical assessment.
Individualized treatment plans, developed through shared decision-making, optimize patient outcomes.
This review underscores the need for tailored approaches to rotator cuff injury care.