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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
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Dual-Stimulus Programmed Multiphase Separation and Organization in Coacervate Droplets.

Yang Zhou1,2, Brigitte Voit1,2, Dietmar Appelhans1

  • 1Division Macromolecular Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a dual-stimuli system to transform single-phase coacervates into complex multiphase structures. This adaptable platform offers new possibilities for creating programmable, cell-like entities for various applications.

Keywords:
Coacervate protocellsMorphological transformationMultiphase coacervatesStimuli‐responsive

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomimetic Systems

Background:

  • Stimuli-responsive coacervates are crucial for developing adaptive, cell-like entities.
  • Controlling coacervate morphology is key to mimicking cellular functions and compartmentalization.
  • Existing systems often lack precise, sequential control over coacervate transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel tandem-triggered transition system for coacervate structural reconfiguration.
  • To demonstrate sequential control over coacervate phase transitions using pH and salt concentration.
  • To explore the potential of these adaptive coacervates as platforms for protocell development.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of a polyanion with an acid-labile amide bond into membrane-less coacervates.
  • Sequential application of stimuli: acidic pH for charge reversal and hydrolysis, followed by hypertonic conditions for dissociation.
  • Characterization of coacervate structural changes (single-phase to nested multiphase to vesicular-like multiphase) and their impact on molecular partitioning.

Main Results:

  • Acidic pH triggered a transition from single-phase to nested multiphase coacervates via amide bond hydrolysis and charge reversal.
  • A subsequent hypertonic environment induced reconfiguration into vesicular-like multiphase coacervates.
  • The dual-stimuli system allowed for tunable spatial organization and altered partitioning of molecules within the coacervates, influencing enzymatic reactions.

Conclusions:

  • A sequential, dual-stimuli strategy effectively controls coacervate structural transitions.
  • This provides a versatile platform for creating programmable and adaptive coacervate-based protocells.
  • The findings advance the design of sophisticated biomimetic systems with dynamic morphological control.