Metabolic benefits conferred by duplication of the facilitated trehalose transporter in Lepidoptera

In addition to being one of the primary processes for the formation and expansion of gene families, gene duplication also establishes the basis for the diversity and redundancy of gene functions, providing an abundance of genetic resources and a potent adaptive potential for biological evolution. Trehalose is a high-quality carbon source and blood sugar in insects. However, recent theoretical developments suggest that mechanisms for facilitated trehalose transport in lepidopteran insects remain relatively scarce. In this research, we identified, characterized, and analyzed the evolution of the facilitated trehalose transporter gene family in the silkworm. The results revealed that Bombyx mori and Spodoptera frugiperda experienced a significant expansion of the facilitated trehalose transporter gene (Tret) in Lepidoptera. Leveraging CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology, we altered BmTret60, the 60th member of this gene family, in the silkworm to investigate the gene's functional characteristics. Males and females of the BmTret60 mutant larvae were shown to exhibit a notable differentiation process in growth and developmental phases despite the fact that the larvae displayed basic viability. The silkworm's development process is influenced by BmTret60, a crucial member of the facilitated trehalose transporter gene family that controls metabolic equilibrium in fat body and hemolymph of terminal larvae. These results highlight the critical role that BmTret60, a member of the BmTret family, plays in preserving growth and homeostasis, as well as its possible role in preserving protein synthesis. Our research offers fresh perspectives on the critical function of the BmTret gene family in preserving metabolic homeostasis.