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CRISPR

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...

Homologous Recombination

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

What is Genetic Engineering?

What is Genetic Engineering?

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

CRISPR and crRNAs

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes

Published on: May 23, 2025

Risks associated with CRISPR homing gene drive.

Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo

Comptes Rendus Biologies

|September 8, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR homing gene drives offer potential benefits but carry significant risks. This review details technical limitations and adverse effects, including ecological and sociological concerns, to guide responsible decision-making.

Keywords:

Biosafety Biosecurity Biotechnology Bioweapon CRISPR Gene drive Risk

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Last Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

Published on: June 16, 2017

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Genetic Engineering
Conservation Biology

Background:

CRISPR homing gene drive is a novel biotechnology with potential applications in public health, agriculture, and conservation.
Gene drives are autonomous selfish genetic elements designed to spread through natural populations.
Despite its potential, CRISPR homing gene drive has not yet been deployed in the wild.

Purpose of the Study:

To examine the key risks associated with CRISPR homing gene drives.
To explore technical limitations and potential failures of gene drive systems.
To categorize and discuss adverse effects, including ecological, sociological, research-related, and malicious usage risks.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and research on CRISPR homing gene drives.
Analysis of technical limitations, including efficiency and mitigation strategy failures.
Categorization of potential adverse effects into ecological, sociological, research, and malevolent usage.

Main Results:

Gene drives may face technical limitations, impacting their intended efficiency and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies.
Ecological risks include unintended consequences on ecosystems and non-target populations.
Sociological risks encompass public perception, governance challenges, and societal acceptance concerns.
Risks also extend to research activities and potential malevolent applications.

Conclusions:

A thorough evaluation of CRISPR homing gene drive risks is crucial for responsible development and deployment.
Understanding technical limitations and diverse adverse effects is essential for informed decision-making.
This review provides a foundation for assessing gene drive risks to ensure safe and ethical progress.