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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Maturational Changes in Action-Effect Integration Processes Are Reflected by Changes in the Directed Cortical Network

Jasmin Mayer1, Moritz Mückschel1, Bernhard Hommel2

  • 1Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

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|September 8, 2025
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Summary

Adolescents and adults both use similar brain networks for action-effect binding (AEB), but adolescents show stronger connectivity and recruit additional regions, suggesting developmental differences in how they link actions to outcomes.

Keywords:
adolescenceadultsdirected connectivityneural maturationtheta oscillationsaction effect integration

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Action-effect binding (AEB) is crucial for intentional action and cognitive development.
  • While AEB is understood in adults, its neurophysiological basis in adolescents is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate developmental differences in directed cortical network communication underlying AEB between adolescents and adults.
  • To explore how theta-driven directed connectivity differs in AEB across these age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an electroencephalography (EEG) frequency tagging approach.
  • Examined theta-driven directed connectivity in adolescents and adults during an AEB task.

Main Results:

  • Both adolescents and adults engaged a core network (insula, anterior temporal lobe, inferior frontal cortex).
  • Adolescents displayed stronger directed connectivity, especially in anterior temporal lobe interactions.
  • Adolescents uniquely recruited posterior ventral stream regions (e.g., lingual gyrus).

Conclusions:

  • The neural architecture for AEB is present in adolescence, but its functional organization differs from adulthood.
  • Adolescents may rely more on representational processing and sensory integration for AEB.
  • Findings offer novel insights into developmental changes in cortical networks for intentional action control.