Intelligent transdermal nanoparticles as synergizing advanced delivery systems for precision therapeutics

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) offer non-invasive, controlled drug release, avoiding metabolism.
• The primary challenge for TDDS is overcoming the skin barrier for deep tissue penetration.
• Existing TDDS face limitations in delivering larger molecules or achieving targeted delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review advancements in nanocarrier design for TDDS.
• To summarize the application of physical technologies to enhance transdermal penetration.
• To explore the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in optimizing TDDS for improved efficacy.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of various nanocarriers: soft vesicles, nanoemulsions, and rigid nanoparticles.
• Review of physical enhancement technologies: microneedle arrays, iontophoresis, electroporation, and photoporation.
• Examination of AI-driven strategies for skin penetration enhancement in TDDS.

Main Results:

• Nanocarriers and physical methods significantly improve drug permeation through the skin barrier.
• Integrated approaches combining nanocarriers with physical techniques enable spatiotemporally controlled transdermal delivery.
• AI models demonstrate potential in predicting and optimizing TDDS formulations for enhanced skin penetration.

Conclusions:

• Nanocarrier and physical technology integration, guided by AI, represents a promising frontier for advanced TDDS.
• These integrated systems show significant potential for clinical applications, improving therapeutic outcomes.
• Further research and development are crucial for realizing the full potential of AI-driven, enhanced TDDS.