Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs
12:03

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Published on: April 25, 2014

28.6K

High- and intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism in pediatric tertiary care centers in the Netherlands

C A M Karlijn van Balkom1, Irene L M Klaassen2, Marije Diender3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Zaans Medical Centre, Zaandam, the Netherlands.

Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis
|September 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Severe pediatric pulmonary embolism (PE) is rare in the Netherlands, affecting 1.0 per million children annually. Current management varies, indicating a need for standardized, multidisciplinary care pathways to improve outcomes for pediatric PE patients.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Pediatric Critical Care
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) response teams are increasingly adopted in adult care for severe PE management.
  • Understanding pediatric severe PE epidemiology, treatment, and outcomes is vital for evaluating the need for dedicated pediatric PE response teams in the Netherlands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the incidence, management strategies, and short-term outcomes of severe PE in pediatric patients within the Netherlands.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving children aged 0-18 years diagnosed with high- and intermediate-risk PE.
  • Data were collected from 2012 to 2022 across six tertiary pediatric care centers in the Netherlands.

Main Results:

  • The annual incidence of severe PE in children was estimated at 1.0 per million, primarily affecting adolescents.
  • High-risk PE patients (10%) received 100% reperfusion therapy, with 12% experiencing major bleeding and 12% PE-related deaths.
  • Intermediate-risk PE patients (11%) had a 42% reperfusion rate, with 11% experiencing major bleeding and no reported deaths.

Conclusions:

  • Severe PE is infrequent in Dutch children, with significant variation in treatment indications and reperfusion approaches.
  • The findings underscore the necessity for national, multidisciplinary care pathways to standardize severe pediatric PE management and enhance patient outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
PERThigh riskintermediate riskpediatricspulmonary embolismrapid response team

More Related Videos

Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction14:19

Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Published on: October 14, 2016

12.0K
Single-Cell Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of Intact Organoids10:40

Single-Cell Resolution Three-Dimensional Imaging of Intact Organoids

Published on: June 5, 2020

17.7K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:19

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

A blood clot, or thrombus, is a semi-solid mass composed of fibrin, platelets, and red blood cells. When it forms within a vessel, it can obstruct blood flow, known as thrombosis. If part of the clot detaches, it becomes an embolus that can travel and block distant vessels. When this occurs in the pulmonary arteries, it causes a condition known as pulmonary embolism (PE).Origin and ImpactMost often, the embolus originates from a thrombus in the deep veins of the lower limbs, a condition called...