Evaluating the effect of the mitochondrial alternative peptide MTALTND4 on gene expression

• This is a preliminary study exploring the effect of the mitochondrial alternative peptide MTALTND4 on gene expression in two different culture media using microarrays, RNA-seq and RT-qPCR. • Microarrays in MiR05 medium suggest that exogenous treatment with MTALTND4 may alter gene expression and that responsive genes are mostly related to cell metabolism. • Conversely, RNA-seq in DMEM low glucose suggests that MTALTND4 has a negligible impact on gene expression. • RT-qPCR in MiR05 or DMEM low glucose indicates that the culture media affects gene regulation. • This study emphasizes the importance of employing diverse approaches when examining the physiological effects on cells and the need to carefully select the appropriate culture media to interpret cellular responses and expression data accurately.