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Plasmonic biosensor enabled by resonant quantum tunnelling.

Jihye Lee1, Yina Wu2, Ivan Sinev1

  • 1Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.

Nature Photonics
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel plasmonic sensor with an integrated light source, overcoming bulky equipment limitations for point-of-care optical sensing. The metasurface sensor enhances sensitivity for detecting molecular layers, paving the way for integrated biosensors.

Keywords:
MetamaterialsNanophotonics and plasmonicsSensors and probes

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Nanotechnology
  • Biosensing Technologies
  • Optical Metamaterials

Background:

  • Metasurfaces offer strong light confinement for detecting subwavelength molecular layers.
  • Current optical sensing methods require external light sources, hindering portable applications.
  • Quantum tunnel junctions can provide integrated light sources for miniaturized devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact plasmonic sensor with an embedded light source for enhanced optical sensing.
  • To leverage metasurfaces for uniform light emission and improved sensitivity.
  • To demonstrate the sensor's capability for high-resolution refractometric detection of thin molecular films.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a plasmonic sensor utilizing a doubly periodic nanowire metasurface as a top contact for quantum tunnel junctions.
  • Integration of quantum tunnel junctions to provide an embedded light source.
  • Characterization of emission uniformity and enhancement via plasmonic nanoantenna modes.
  • Spatially resolved refractometric sensing experiments.

Main Results:

  • Achieved uniform light emission over large areas from the metasurface.
  • Demonstrated enhanced spectral and refractive index sensitivity due to plasmonic nanoantenna modes.
  • Successfully performed refractometric sensing of nanometre-thick polymer and biomolecule coatings with high spatial resolution.

Conclusions:

  • The developed plasmonic sensor with an integrated light source is a disruptive platform for point-of-care optical sensing.
  • The metasurface design enables efficient light generation and enhanced sensing capabilities.
  • This technology opens prospects for novel integrated electro-optical biosensors.