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Peptide CCAT1-70aa promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation and invasion via the MAPK/ERK pathway

Xianjian Wu^1,2, Ruifeng Liang³, Guoman Liu³

¹Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China.

Open Medicine (Warsaw, Poland)

|September 8, 2025

Abstract

Objective:

Peptide-encoding roles of lncRNAs are emerging in cancer biology. This study explores the function of the CCAT1-70aa peptide in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CCAT1-70aa expression in HCC and adjacent tissues. An expression vector verified CCAT1's role in encoding CCAT1-70aa. Cell counting kit-8 and Transwell assays assessed the effects of CCAT1-70aa on HCC cell proliferation and invasion. Small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting CCAT1 were transfected into HCC cells to examine CCAT1-70aa expression. The role of the MAPK/ERK pathway was confirmed via Western blot and the ERK inhibitor FR180204.

Results:

CCAT1-70aa was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues, correlating with tumor stage, serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, and vascular invasion. siRNA-mediated CCAT1 silencing reduced CCAT1-70aa expression, supporting that CCAT1-70aa is translated from lncRNA CCAT1. CCAT1-70aa, a 70-amino acid peptide, enhanced proliferation and invasion, activating the MAPK/ERK pathway, with its effects mitigated by ERK inhibition.

Conclusion:

The CCAT1-70aa peptide is overexpressed in HCC and linked to aggressive tumor characteristics. It promotes proliferation and invasion via the MAPK/ERK pathway, providing insights for HCC diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Keywords:

MAPK signaling encoding peptides liver cancer metastatic potential tumor growth

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