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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

995
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
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Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Controlling Parkinson's Disease With Adaptive Deep Brain Stimulation
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Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Programming in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor Patients: An

Maria C Moreno-Escobar1,2, Robin Elkins3, Ann Murray1,2

  • 1Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA.

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|September 8, 2025
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Summary

Directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) programming effectively manages Parkinson

Keywords:
deep brain stimulationdirectional programmingessential tremor (et)neuromodulation therapyparkinson's disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a key therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET).
  • Directional leads offer advanced control over DBS by enabling subsegmental stimulation, potentially improving efficacy and reducing side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utilization and impact of directional programming in a tertiary care setting for PD and ET patients.
  • To assess the reasons for adopting directional stimulation and its effect on clinical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for 12 PD patients (STN implants) and 13 ET patients (VIM implants) who received directional leads.
  • Assessment of clinical parameters using the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin (FTM) scale for ET and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) for PD, pre- and post-procedure.
  • Analysis of programming parameters and reasons for switching to directional stimulation.

Main Results:

  • High utilization of directional programming was observed: 92% of PD patients and 92% of ET patients used it on at least one side.
  • Primary reasons for using directional programming included avoiding side effects (58% PD, 64% ET) and improving therapeutic benefit (25% PD, 33% ET).
  • Directional configurations led to improved tremor control in ET patients.

Conclusions:

  • Directional programming is highly utilized in managing PD and ET patients.
  • Directional stimulation enhances efficacy by minimizing side effects and improving therapeutic outcomes.
  • These findings support the early adoption of directional programming for PD and ET management.