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Mouth Breathing and Its Impact on Sleep Breathing Disorders in Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bandung,

Risti Saptarini Primarti1, Aliannisya Fatma1, Claudia Nur Rizky Jayanti1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry
|September 8, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Mouth breathing in Indonesian children is linked to a significantly higher risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Early detection and intervention are crucial for preventing associated health issues in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Health

Background:

  • Mouth breathing is often associated with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) but not considered a direct cause.
  • Understanding the relationship between mouth breathing and SDB in children is essential for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between mouth breathing and the risk of SDB in Indonesian school-aged children.
  • To assess SDB risk using the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ).

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 343 children aged 8-9 years in Bandung, Indonesia.
  • Clinical examination for mouth breathing habits followed by parental completion of the PSQ.
  • Standardized online briefing sessions were provided to parents before questionnaire completion.

Main Results:

  • Mouth breathing was identified in 27.7% of the children.
  • Mouth breathers showed significantly higher PSQ scores compared to non-mouth breathers (p < 0.001).
  • Children who mouth breathe had a 4.24 times higher relative risk of SDB (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Mouth breathing in school-aged children is significantly associated with an increased risk of SDB.
  • Early screening for mouth breathing is important for identifying children at risk of SDB.
  • Timely intervention can help prevent adverse health outcomes related to SDB.
Abstract

Keywords:
childrenmouth breathingpediatric sleep questionnairesleep-disordered breathing

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