Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Registered Bioimaging of Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Monitoring
Published on: December 9, 2010
Overview and progress of X-nuclei magnetic resonance imaging in biomedical studies
Gengxin Wang1,2, Hongyi Yang2, Juan Li3
1Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
Abstract:
Proton nuclear (1H) is the observed nucleus on which most magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) applications depend. Most traditional 1H MRI can provide structural and functional information about organisms, while various non-proton nuclei (X-nuclei) MRI can provide more metabolic information. However, due to the relatively poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of X-nuclei MRI, their applications are quite rare compared to 1H. Benefit from the rapid developments of MRI hardware and software technologies, X-nuclei MRI has recently attracted increasing interests in biomedical research. This review firstly introduces some current methods to improve the SNR of X-nuclei MRI. Secondly, this review describes biomedical applications of X-nuclei MRI, especially focusing on the current use of X-nuclei (13C, 17O, 19F, 23Na and 31P) MRI to study related diseases in different organs, including the brain, liver, kidney, heart and bone. Finally, perspectives studies on X-nuclei imaging and its potential applications are described in biomedical research.
Related Concept Videos
Applications Of NMR In Biology
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR): Overview
NMR spectroscopy generates a spectrum where the characteristic absorption frequencies of the sample are...
Atomic Nuclei: Magnetic Resonance
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

