Artificial intelligence in primary aldosteronism: current achievements and future challenges

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) are reshaping the diagnostic and therapeutic of primary aldosteronism (PA). For screening, machine learning models integrate multidimensional data to improve the efficiency of PA detection, facilitating large-scale population screening. For diagnosis, AI-driven algorithms have further enhanced the specificity of PA identification. In subtype classification, AI algorithms achieve high predictive accuracy in differentiating PA subtypes through comprehensive analysis of clinical, imaging, and biochemical data, while simultaneously reducing reliance on invasive diagnostic procedures. Regarding treatment decision-making and outcome, predictive models guide personalized therapy by assessing treatment responses and surgical results. These models also contribute to discovering potential drugs by analyzing molecular targets computationally. Although scientists have achieved notable progress, there remain substantial challenges in clinical implementation, including limited sample size, insufficient model interpretability, and a lack of real-world validation. To translate technical advances into clinical practice, the field requires more reliable AI models with clear decision-making processes and rigorous multicenter validation studies. Future research should focus on clinical practice by developing integrated diagnostic-treatment pathways, while leveraging AI's strengths and overcoming its current limitations in generalizability and clinical acceptance.​.