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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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H1N1pdm09 returns: a comparative study in Anhui, China.

Si-Tian Yang1,2, Min-Hao Hu3, Wei-Xi Fang1,4

  • 1Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei, China.

Microbiology Spectrum
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The 2022/2023 H1N1pdm09 outbreak in Anhui Province showed increased intensity and faster spread than previous years. Limited cross-immunity was observed, highlighting the need for updated influenza prevention strategies.

Keywords:
H1N1pdm09 outbreakHA gene mutationscontrol strategycross-immunity protectionepidemiology of influenza

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The 2022/2023 season saw a significant H1N1pdm09 resurgence in Anhui Province, China.
  • Influenza-like illness (ILI) and detection rates exceeded previous years, indicating a heightened public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze hemagglutinin (HA) gene mutations and cross-immunity of H1N1pdm09 strains in Anhui Province.
  • To establish an early warning threshold for H1N1pdm09 outbreaks using the Moving Epidemic Method.
  • To provide insights for effective influenza prevention and control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized surveillance data and the Moving Epidemic Method to determine the H1N1pdm09 epidemic threshold.
  • Employed joinpoint regression to analyze weekly percent change (WPC) rates.
  • Sequenced 103 H1N1pdm09 strains and assessed cross-reactivity using the Pepitope model.

Main Results:

  • The ILI% was 6.82% and influenza detection rate was 31.90% in 2022/2023, surpassing previous seasons.
  • The H1N1pdm09 epidemic threshold (3.53%) was breached early, leading to an intense epidemic phase with a WPC of 376.40%.
  • Most sequenced strains belonged to clade 6B.1A.5a.2a, with limited cross-protection (25.54%-34.69%) against older strains.

Conclusions:

  • The rapid H1N1pdm09 resurgence in Anhui highlights the need for continuous molecular and immunological surveillance.
  • Established early warning thresholds can aid in timely public health interventions.
  • Limited cross-immunity suggests potential challenges for vaccine effectiveness and necessitates updated control strategies.