Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 18, 2026
08:26
Purification of Viral DNA for the Identification of Associated Viral and Cellular Proteins
Published on: August 31, 2017
14.1K
Proviral functions of HMGB1 in HAdV-C5 replication compartments
Paloma Hidalgo1, Britta Gornott1, Luca D Bertzbach1,2
1Department of Viral Transformation, Leibniz Institute of Virology (LIV), Martinistraße, Hamburg, Germany.
Microbiology Spectrum
|September 8, 2025
Summary
High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) aids human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5) replication within viral replication compartments. Despite viral suppression of HMGB1, its presence is crucial for efficient viral gene expression and DNA replication, highlighting a complex host-pathogen interaction.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
- Cellular Biology
Background:
- Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) create specialized nuclear structures called replication compartments (RCs) to manage viral replication and host interactions.
- The high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a chromatin modifier, was identified as a component of HAdV-C5 RCs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of HMGB1 in the replication of human adenovirus type 5 (HAdV-C5).
- To elucidate the interaction of HMGB1 within HAdV-C5 replication compartments and its impact on viral gene expression and DNA replication.
Main Methods:
- Quantitative proteomics to analyze RC protein composition.
- Click-chemistry and proximity ligation assays to determine HMGB1 localization and interactions.
- HMGB1-knockdown and overexpression experiments to assess its role in viral replication.
Main Results:
- HMGB1 localizes to DNA replication sites within RCs and interacts with viral proteins, dependent on DNA replication and RC assembly.
- HMGB1 is essential for efficient viral gene expression, despite its levels decreasing during late infection due to viral transcriptional suppression.
- Regulation of HMGB1 levels during infection is critical for optimal HAdV-C5 replication, indicating a complex interplay between the virus and host protein.
Conclusions:
- HMGB1 plays a proviral role in HAdV-C5 infection by facilitating viral DNA replication and gene expression within RCs.
- The virus actively regulates HMGB1 levels, suggesting a sophisticated mechanism to balance its proviral functions with potential antiviral effects.
- Understanding the HMGB1-HAdV-C5 interaction provides insights into virus-host dynamics and potential therapeutic targets.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Size and Structure of Viral Genomes
704
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
704
01:29Viruses with RNA Genomes
840
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
840
01:10Retrovirus Life Cycles
49.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
49.3K
02:33Retroviruses
14.6K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
14.6K
01:51Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
6.9K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
6.9K
00:55DNA Helicases
23.9K
DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
23.9K