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Related Concept Videos

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Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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A substance that reaches superconductivity, a state in which magnetic fields cannot penetrate, and there is no electrical resistance, is referred to as a superconductor. In 1911, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes of Leiden University, a Dutch physicist, observed a relation between the temperature and the resistance of the element mercury. The mercury sample was then cooled in liquid helium to study the linear dependence of resistance on temperature. It was observed that, as the temperature decreased, the...
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Crystal Field Theory
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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions. 
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Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Visualizing Uniaxial-strain Manipulation of Antiferromagnetic Domains in Fe1+YTe Using a Spin-polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscope
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Same-group element replacement enhances superconductivity in clathrate-like YH4.

Xuejie Li1, Yuzhou Hao1, Yujie Liu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|September 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Substituting yttrium (Y) with scandium (Sc) in yttrium hydride (YH4) significantly boosts high-temperature superconductivity. This research explores metal substitutions in hydrides to overcome pressure limitations for practical superconductor applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Hydrogen-based compounds like H3S and LaH10 show high-temperature superconductivity.
  • Extreme pressure requirements currently limit the practical applications of these materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of substituting yttrium (Y) with scandium (Sc), lanthanum (La), and zirconium (Zr) in yttrium hydride (YH4).
  • To explore strategies for enhancing the critical temperature (Tc) of hydride superconductors and reducing pressure dependencies.

Main Methods:

  • Computational modeling and theoretical analysis of substituted yttrium hydride compounds (YH4).
  • Investigation of structural stability, electronic properties, and phonon behavior under varying pressures.
  • Calculation of critical superconducting transition temperatures (Tc) for different compositions.

Main Results:

  • Pure YH4 exhibits a Tc of 84-95 K at 120 GPa.
  • (Y,Sc)H4 shows a significantly enhanced Tc of 124.43 K at 100 GPa.
  • (Y,La)H4 and (Y,Zr)H4 displayed reduced Tc values (101.24 K at 120 GPa and 69.55 K at 200 GPa, respectively).
  • The enhanced superconductivity in (Y,Sc)H4 is linked to unique phonon dispersion, compressed Y-H bonds, and electron delocalization.

Conclusions:

  • Partial substitution of Y with Sc in YH4 is a promising strategy for achieving higher critical temperatures in hydride superconductors.
  • The study highlights the crucial role of lowest optical phonons and electron-phonon interactions in hydride superconductivity.
  • Substituting Y with same-group metal elements offers an effective route to tune and enhance Tc in these materials.