Silicon-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: An Alternative to the Market-Dominated Silicon-Based Solar Cell Technology

Among all types of tandem solar cells (TSCs), the two-terminal (2T) monolithic silicon-perovskite TSCs have achieved an efficiency of approximately 34.85% and show potential for commercialization because they align with well-established silicon-based solar cell technology. This review focuses on 2T monolithic silicon-perovskite TSCs, discussing their deployment along with related technical and scientific issues. Additionally, it covers the fundamentals of TSCs, useful materials, device architectures, texturization, interconnecting layers (ICLs), scaling, and the role of artificial intelligence in device development. The review also thoroughly examines the stability challenges of 2T monolithic silicon-perovskite TSCs, their progress over the past 10 years in terms of efficiency, the relevance of current standards for device efficiency and stability, and the protocols needed to evaluate stability. Finally, the outlook and prospects of this emerging technology are presented, highlighting its potential as an innovative alternative to the dominant silicon-based solar cell market.