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Optimizing Amphipathic Antimicrobial Peptides via Helical Wheel Rotation.

Hai Bui Thi Phuong¹, Nguyen-Thi Phuong², Le Minh Bui²

¹Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Hanoi, 12116, Vietnam.

|September 8, 2025

Summary

Researchers optimized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) using helical wheel rotation. This strategy enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer activity while significantly reducing hemolytic activity, offering a promising approach for therapeutic peptide development.

Keywords:

BP52 amphipathic helix antimicrobial peptides helical wheel rotation structural optimization

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Area of Science:

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Peptide Science
Drug Discovery

Background:

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show potential against drug-resistant microbes and cancer.
Therapeutic use of AMPs is hindered by hemolytic activity and moderate potency.
Optimizing AMPs requires strategies to improve efficacy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the
helical wheel rotation
strategy for optimizing amphipathic α-helical AMPs.
To assess the impact of this strategy on antimicrobial, anticancer, and hemolytic properties.
To develop safer and more potent AMP derivatives for therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

Development of six rotational variants (BP52-A1 to BP52-A6) and two sequence-modified derivatives (BP52-B1, BP52-B2) from a model peptide (BP52).
Evaluation of antimicrobial, anticancer, and hemolytic activities of the engineered peptides.
Comparative analysis of derivative properties against the parent peptide.

Main Results:

Several derivatives, notably BP52-A6, demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial efficacy.
BP52-A6 maintained or improved anticancer potency.
All engineered derivatives exhibited significantly reduced hemolytic activity compared to BP52.

Conclusions:

Helical wheel rotation is an effective and cost-efficient method for peptide engineering.
This strategy can fine-tune AMP selectivity and multifunctionality.
Optimized AMPs show potential for safer and more effective therapeutic applications.