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Personalized Interactive Music Systems for Physical Activity and Exercise: Exploratory Systematic Review and
Andrew Danso1, Tiia Kekäläinen2,3, Friederike Koehler1
1Department of Music, Arts and Culture Studies, Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Jyväskylä, Seminaarinkatu 15, Jyväskylän yliopisto, Jyväskylä, 40014, Finland, 358 6643034.
Background:
Personalized Interactive Music Systems (PIMSs) are emerging as promising devices for enhancing physical activity and exercise outcomes. By leveraging real-time data and adaptive technologies, PIMSs align musical features, such as tempo and genre, with users' physical activity patterns, including frequency and intensity, enhancing their overall experience.
Objective:
This exploratory systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of PIMSs across physical, psychophysical, and affective domains.
Methods:
Searches across 9 databases identified 18 eligible studies, of which 6 (comprising 17 intervention arms) contained sufficient data for meta-analysis. Random-effects meta-analyses and meta-regression were performed to assess outcomes for physical activity levels, physical exertion, ratings of perceived exertion, and affective valence.
Results:
Results showed significant improvements in physical activity levels (g=0.49, CI 0.07 to 0.91, P=.02, k=4) and affective valence (g=1.65, CI 0.35 to 2.96, P=.01, k=4), with faster music tempo identified as a significant moderator (P=.03). No significant effects were observed for ratings of perceived exertion (g=0.72, CI -0.13 to 1.58, P=.10, k=3) or physical exertion (g=0.78, CI -0.55 to 2.11, P=.25, k=5).
Conclusions:
Substantial heterogeneity and limited study quality indicate the need for more robust, randomized controlled trials to establish the efficacy of PIMSs in diverse populations.
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