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Associations Between Sleep Duration and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Study
Guolin Guo1, Yanling Jiang1, Jianteng Dong1
1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
JMIR Human Factors
|September 8, 2025
Summary
Both short and long sleep durations negatively impact cognitive function in Chinese adults. Promoting moderate sleep is crucial for mitigating cognitive decline risks associated with aging.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Sleep Science
- Cognitive Neuroscience
Background:
- Sleep duration is vital for cognitive health, with links to cognitive decline.
- Understanding sleep duration's impact on cognition in China is limited.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between sleep duration and cognitive function in Chinese middle-aged and older adults.
- To identify optimal sleep durations for maintaining cognitive health in this population.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from 15,526 participants in the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.
- Assessed cognitive performance using composite indicators for episodic memory, mental acuity, and overall cognitive function.
- Employed multiple generalized linear regression models, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle, and health covariates.
Main Results:
- Both extremely short sleep (≤4 hours) and long sleep (≥10 hours) showed significant negative associations with cognitive function.
- Long sleep duration (≥10 hours) had a more pronounced negative impact (β=-3.01) than extremely short sleep (≤4 hours; β=-1.85).
- Sleep durations of 5 and 9 hours also demonstrated negative relationships with cognitive function.
Conclusions:
- An inverted U-shaped relationship exists between sleep duration and cognitive decline.
- Cognitive function requires monitoring in individuals with both short and long sleep durations.
- Public health strategies should promote moderate sleep durations to reduce cognitive risks in aging populations.
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