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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats

Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats

Published on: December 6, 2024

Repetitive stress decreases norepinephrine's dynamic range in the auditory cortex.

Ekaterina Kaganovski¹, Jennifer Resnik¹

¹Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel; Zelman Center for Brain Science Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 84105, Israel.

Neuropharmacology

|September 8, 2025

Summary

Repetitive stress significantly reduces norepinephrine (NE) responses to loud sounds in the auditory cortex. This chronic stress also impairs the brain

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Auditory Processing
Stress Response

Background:

Norepinephrine (NE) is crucial for attention, arousal, and stress responses.
In the auditory cortex, NE modulates neural processing and plasticity.
The impact of repeated stress on NE dynamics in the auditory cortex is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of repetitive stress on NE dynamics in the auditory cortex.
To understand how chronic stress alters NE responses to auditory stimuli.

Main Methods:

Chronic two-photon imaging in head-fixed mice.
Utilized the genetically encoded NE sensor GRAB_NE1m.
Measured NE responses to high-intensity sounds under repetitive stress conditions.

Main Results:

Repetitive stress markedly attenuates NE responses to high-intensity sounds.
NE responses continued to decline with chronic stress exposure.
Within-session habituation of NE activation to repeated loud stimuli was eliminated.

Conclusions:

Repetitive stress narrows the dynamic range and adaptability of the auditory cortex's noradrenergic system.
Prolonged stress compromises NE dynamics, potentially degrading auditory processing.
Findings offer insights into stress-induced hypervigilance and anxiety.