Outcomes of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms in older adults and who should be offered surgery

As life expectancy increases, the prevalence of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAA) poses a significant challenge for our healthcare system. Aging induces biochemical changes, including degradation of the extracellular matrix and loss of vascular smooth muscle cells, which increase the propensity for the development of aneurysms and subsequent rupture due to compromised integrity of the aortic wall. The mortality rate for elderly patients presenting with rAAA is high, ranging from 80 to 90%. Both open and endovascular repair come with substantial risk for elderly patients. While EVAR has been shown to have lower perioperative mortality in this population, elderly patients face significant post-operative recovery challenges related to age and frailty. In determining who should be offered surgery for rAAA, patient selection is crucial. Frailty and existing comorbidities should be factored into whether or not patients are offered surgery. A tailored approach that is individualized to patient specific goals and accounts for pre-existing comorbidities and functional status is essential to improving outcomes for elderly patients presenting with rAAA.