Effects of Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty on Body Composition and Metabolism: An InBody Analysis

Despite ESG's efficacy in promoting weight loss, data on its impact on body composition is limited. This study evaluated ESG's effectiveness in improving body composition and metabolic parameters over 6 and 12 months using InBody analysis.

We prospectively analyzed patients with obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m² or > 27 with comorbidities) who underwent ESG between August 2021 and May 2024. Body composition was assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody 770™).

Thirty-six patients (81% female, mean age 47.9 ± 13.4 years, BMI 35.3 ± 5.6 kg/m²) completed baseline assessment. Follow-up rates were 67% at 6 months and 61% at 12 months. ESG produced significant reductions in BMI (4.6 and 4.8 kg/m²) and total body weight loss (13.4% and 13.5%) at both timepoints (p < 0.001). Body fat percentage decreased by 4.7% at 6 months, with truncal fat loss of 4.0 kg comprising 32% of total weight loss. These improvements persisted at 12 months (p < 0.01). While skeletal muscle mass also declined, muscle loss represented only 13-17% of total weight loss.

ESG achieves substantial weight loss with preferential fat reduction and favorable preservation of lean body mass over 12 months, supporting its role in improving metabolic health.