Effect of dietary habits on multiple cardiovascular diseases: A comprehensive Mendelian randomization study

The relationship between dietary habits, including the consumption of eggs, dairy products, and sugar, and the development of disease is well-established. However, further investigation is required to elucidate the precise associations between these dietary habits and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to analyze existing genome-wide association studies in order to identify causal relationships between dietary habits and CVD. The 5 dietary habits rooted from the IEU database are categorized as: Never eat eggs, Never eat wheat products, Never eat sugar or foods/drinks containing sugar, Never eat wheat products, and I eat all of the above. CVDs are categorized into: heart failure, Myocardial infarction(MI), Arrhythmia, Hypertension, Coronary heart disease(CHD), Myocarditis, Cardiomyopathy, Valvular heart disease, and cardiac death. This was achieved by employing two-sample Mendelian randomization and co-localization analyses. The potential causative genes associated with 5 dietary habits and CVDs were also explored through bioinformatics and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis based on GeneChip GSE59867. Subsequently, we employed meta-analysis techniques to integrate the findings of these studies. The co-localization analysis, based on two-sample Mendelian randomization results, revealed that single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12740374 (PH4 = 0.855) was causally associated with MI and a balanced diet(I eat all of the above), while SNP rs7528419 (PH4 = 0.716) was causally associated with CHD and a balanced diet. Moreover, 2 SNPs, rs7528419 and rs12740374, were identified as drivers of common motifs in 6 genes. The following genes were identified as having driver effects on common motifs: KIAA1324, SARS, CELSR2, PSRC1, MYBPHL, and SORT1. PSRC1 (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.722), CELSR2 (AUC: 0.657), and MYBPHL (AUC: 0.677) have been identified as having high diagnostic value for CHD and MI. The results of the study indicate a strong correlation between dietary habits and a multitude of CVDs. In almost all populations, diets that do not consume eggs, dairy products, and sugar is a significant risk factor for CVD in nearly all groups, whereas a balanced diet is a protective factor for the majority of CVDs.