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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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MRI-Based Genetic Studies Reveal Specific Genetic Variants and Disease Risks Associated With Fat Distribution Across

Altayeb Ahmed1, Madeleine Cule2, Afreen Naz1

  • 1School of Natural Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.

Journal of Obesity
|September 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Genetic factors influence where fat is stored, impacting health. Abdominal fat increases disease risk, while thigh fat offers protection, suggesting targeted therapies beyond general weight loss.

Keywords:
MRI scanType 2 diabetesbone marrow fatcardiovascular diseasesectopic fatliver fatpancreas fatsubcutaneous fatvisceral fat

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Metabolic Health
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Fat distribution varies significantly across individuals.
  • The genetic basis for regional adiposity and its health consequences is not fully understood.
  • Understanding genetic determinants of fat depots is crucial for personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify genetic loci associated with specific fat depots.
  • To investigate the causal relationships between regional fat depots and health outcomes.
  • To explore the potential for depot-specific therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of neck-to-knee MRI data from UK Biobank (n=37,589).
  • Mendelian randomization analysis to assess causality.
  • Utilized data from FinnGen and other consortia for disease and biomarker associations.

Main Results:

  • Identified genetic loci for 10 distinct fat depots, including abdominal subcutaneous, thigh subcutaneous, visceral, liver, pancreas, and bone marrow fat.
  • Higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue linked to adverse metabolic profiles, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risks.
  • Higher thigh subcutaneous adipose tissue associated with favorable profiles and reduced risks of Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Specific fat depots correlated with gallstones, elevated tyrosine, fatty liver disease, thrombotic events, and osteoporosis.

Conclusions:

  • Fat deposition in different anatomical sites has unique contributions to disease risk.
  • Genetic factors play a significant role in determining fat distribution.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting specific fat depots may offer benefits beyond general weight reduction.